Egypt offers several visa types for foreign nationals:

• Work Visa: Issued once a temporary or tourist visa is converted following the approval of a work permit.
• Temporary/Tourist Visa: Many nationalities may apply online for a 30-day renewable visa, which can later be converted into a work visa.
• Ordinary Visa: Typically granted to spouses of employees, valid for three to five years.
• Work Permit: Required to work legally; applications are submitted to the Ministry of Manpower and Immigration, with supporting documents such as a medical certificate and employment contract.

• Payroll Frequency: Payroll in Egypt is processed monthly, with payments due by the 5th of the following month.
• Income Components: Salary, bonuses, overtime, allowances, and taxable benefits.
• Deductions: Employee payments to private insurance or pension funds (deductible up to 15% of net income or EGP 10,000).
• Employer Contributions: Include workers’ compensation, unemployment, and social security.
• Benefits in Kind: Meals, transportation, medical care, uniforms, and company-provided housing (some may be tax exempt under certain conditions).

• Probation: Maximum of 3 months and cannot be imposed more than once.Notice Period:
  • 2 months if employed less than 10 years.
  • 3 months if employed more than 10 years.
• Minimum Wage: EGP 7,000 per month.
• Working Hours: Standard workweek is 40 hours, with Fridays and Saturdays off.
  • Overtime is compensated at 135% of regular salary for daytime work and 170% for night work.
• Termination: Procedures differ based on the employment contract and collective agreements. Disciplinary terminations must be reviewed by a judicial committee.
• Severance: Not statutory unless termination is unjustified. If an employer ends a fixed-term contract early, the employee is entitled to 2 months’ salary for every year of service.
• Non‑Compete: May be included in agreements, typically for managerial roles.

• Workers’ Compensation:
  
  • Private sector: 3% of payroll
  • Public sector: 2%
  • Civil servants: 1%
• Social Security Contributions:
  
  • Employee: 11%
  • Employer: 24%
  • Variable contribution cap: EGP 4,040/month
• Unemployment Benefits: Available if at least 6 months of contributions, including the 3 months immediately prior.
• Annual Leave:
  
  • 21 days after 6 months’ service
  • 30 days after 10 years of service or if over 50 years old
• Sick Leave: Up to 6 months, paid at:
  • 75% of salary for the first 90 days
  • 85% for the next 90 days
• Maternity Leave: 90 days paid leave after 10 months of service, up to 2 times during employment. Includes daily nursing breaks for 2 years post‑birth.
• Public Holidays: 16 paid national holidays.

• Tax Residency:
  
  • Residents: Taxed on global income (if residing 183+ days or with a permanent home in Egypt).
  • Non‑Residents: Taxed only on Egypt‑sourced income.
• Tax Year: January 1 – December 31.
• System: Progressive income tax with rates from 0% up to 27.5%.
• Double Taxation Agreements: Egypt has multiple treaties in place to avoid double taxation.